International marketing strategy for
The Dutch Water Festival 2012
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International marketing strategy for
The Dutch Water Festival 2012
South Africa and Malawi
Authors: Studentnumber:
Angelique Prenger s1
Manon Wilkens s1
Kevin Parry s1
Kevin Stal s1
Institution: Christelijke hogeschool Windesheim
Angelique Prenger s1
Manon Wilkens s1
Kevin Parry s1
Kevin Stal s1
Institution: Christelijke hogeschool Windesheim
School: School of Business and Economics
Class: International Business Studies 2nd year
Project mentor: Dhr. A. Hulzebos
Project mentor: Dhr. A. Hulzebos
Index
Chapter 1 Introduction p. 5
1.1 Destep South Africa p. 6
1.2 Destep Malawi p. 19
2 Cultural water issues in South Africa and Malawi p. 27
1.1 Destep South Africa p. 6
1.2 Destep Malawi p. 19
2 Cultural water issues in South Africa and Malawi p. 27
3 Cultural differences South Africa and Malawi p. 32
4 What is the emotional image of Holland? p. 35
5 Who are the main societal participants? p. 38
6 Where and how do the participants meet each other? p. 43
7 Who are the main participants in the water industry? p. 46
8 What could be popular leisure activities? p. 49
9 One promising potential target group p. 51
8 What could be popular leisure activities? p. 49
9 One promising potential target group p. 51
10.1 Conclusions p. 54
10.2 Recommendations p. 55
10.2 Recommendations p. 55
Appendix:
Contract p. 56
Planning p. 59
Task division p. 60
Contract p. 56
Planning p. 59
Task division p. 60
Foreword
This report was written for Windesheim for the project about the Dutch Water Festival. The goal is to find out who to invite for this event. We would like to thank A. Hulzebos for his weekly evaluations and answering of questions.
This report was written for Windesheim for the project about the Dutch Water Festival. The goal is to find out who to invite for this event. We would like to thank A. Hulzebos for his weekly evaluations and answering of questions.
Zwolle, March 16th 2011
17 januari 2011, Zwolle
Angelique Prenger
Manon Wilkens
Kevin Stal
Kevin Parry
Introduction
Demographic factors South-Africa
The whole population of South Africa is about 49,109,107. Compared to the world, it’s the twenty fifth most populous country. This population is unevenly distributed. Indeed, the main part of inhabitants is located in the East of the country. One of the main reasons is because of the arid northwest. This will be a important point to analyze water issues in the country.
Some recent surveys explain that 79.4% of South Africans are black, 9.2% are white, 8.8% are Colored (mixed race) and 2.6% are Indians.
The black population is divided into different ethnic groups, the most important are the Zulu and Xhosa.
The age structure shows the youth of the population which is divided like:
0-14 years: 28.9%
15-64 years: 65.8%
65 years and over: 5.4%
The Median age is 24,7. It’s very young but this fact could be explained by important issues in the country as diseases. The life expectancy of 49.2 years is a indicator of this. The HIV is one of the most important problem with over 5,7 million people living with.
There are other major infectious diseases. There is an intermediate degree of risk about it. There are diseases linked to food or waterborne like bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever or also water contact disease: schistosomiasis. This will be also an important point in our analysis.
The total infant mortality rate is about 4.5% and despite of a fertility rate of 2.33 children per woman the Population growth rate is negative -0.051%
To conclude with the demographical part of South Africa, urbanisation is still growing and actually 61% of total population is urban.
Economical factors South-Africa
First of all South Africa is a middle-income, emerging market with an abundant supply of natural resources; well-developed financial, legal, communications, energy, and transport sectors; a stock exchange that is the 18th largest in the world; and modern infrastructure supporting a relatively efficient distribution of goods to major urban centers throughout the region.
The South African economy is the most powerful of the African continent. Since 1994, South Africa has opted for economic liberalism tempered by a strong involvement of the state to regulate the economy, modify the unequal distribution of wealth and to ensure better protection of social groups historically and economically the most disadvantaged.
Since 1994 the country registered a steady growth of 5% on average. Despite a number of difficulties are structural or cyclical, South Africa remains the continent's biggest economy representing one quarter of gross domestic product (GDP) of it, one of the world's leading producers of gold and platinum and has companies and domestic enterprises extremely successful and competitive in international markets.
Advanced development is significantly located around four areas: Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, Durban, and Pretoria/Johannesburg. Beyond these four economic centres, development is marginal and poverty is still prevalent despite government efforts. Consequently the vast majority of South Africans are poor.
The volatility of the rand has affected economic activity, falling sharply during 2001 and hitting a historic low of 13.85 ZAR to the US$, raising fears of inflation. The rand has since recovered, trading at 7.09 ZAR to the dollar as of Sept. 2010. Actually the Inflation rate is
4,5%.
Some indicators are important to have an overview of South Africa’s economy.
The GDP (Purchasing power parity) is about $527.5 billion with a real growth rate of 3%.
The GDP per capita is around $10,700. There are 17.32 million of people economically active who represent the labor force of the country.
This labor force is unevenly distributed as well as the GDP. The composition by sector is 3% provided by agriculture, 31.2% by industry and the most important 65.8% by services.
There is a high unemployment rate of 23,3% which is linked to the fact that 50% of the population in South Africa live below the poverty line.
Social factors South-Africa
Habitants of South Africa
South Africa is a mishmash of different cultures and populations. Demographers predicted that in 2010 the population of South Africa will be the following:
South Africa is a mishmash of different cultures and populations. Demographers predicted that in 2010 the population of South Africa will be the following:
| MID-YEAR POPULATION ESTIMATES 2010 | ||
| Population group | Number | % of total |
| African “black” | 39 682 600 | 79.4% |
| White | 4 584 700 | 9.2% |
| Colored | 4 424 100 | 8.8% |
| Indian/Asian | 1 299 900 | 2.6% |
| TOTAL | 49 991 300 | 100% |
Black population
The black population are the descendants of the Bantoe race and they are not related to the original habitants of South Africa: The Khoina. With a total over 29 million habitants the black population is the largest in South Africa, as far you may speak of one group of habitants. The population is not one group, but is separated into several groups, each with different languages and cultures. The largest group is the Zulu, with a total of 5 million. The traditional Zulu are known by their art diligence of pottery, wood and iron. The second largest group is the Xhosa (2 million). They are known by smoking the traditional pipe and their fine beaded jewelry. Other groups: Sothos, Vendas, Tswanas and more.
The black population are the descendants of the Bantoe race and they are not related to the original habitants of South Africa: The Khoina. With a total over 29 million habitants the black population is the largest in South Africa, as far you may speak of one group of habitants. The population is not one group, but is separated into several groups, each with different languages and cultures. The largest group is the Zulu, with a total of 5 million. The traditional Zulu are known by their art diligence of pottery, wood and iron. The second largest group is the Xhosa (2 million). They are known by smoking the traditional pipe and their fine beaded jewelry. Other groups: Sothos, Vendas, Tswanas and more.
White population
The white population can also be separated into different groups. About 57 per cent of the 5 million white people are the so called: Africaners. This term referred to white persons, coming from Holland, Gemany and France, mostly Dutch speaking immigrants. About 38 per cent of the white people are immigrant coming from England during the 18th century.
The white population can also be separated into different groups. About 57 per cent of the 5 million white people are the so called: Africaners. This term referred to white persons, coming from Holland, Gemany and France, mostly Dutch speaking immigrants. About 38 per cent of the white people are immigrant coming from England during the 18th century.
The remaining group are immigrants from this century.
Colored population
The 3 million colored population of South Africa exists of white colonists, slaves and black members of different tribes. In the Kaap province there are living the most of this colored people, that shows also by the typical architecture in the city.
The 3 million colored population of South Africa exists of white colonists, slaves and black members of different tribes. In the Kaap province there are living the most of this colored people, that shows also by the typical architecture in the city.
Indian population
Most Indian live in Natal, because their forefathers worked their on the sugar cane fields.
Most Indian live in Natal, because their forefathers worked their on the sugar cane fields.
Black diamonds
The term black diamond refers to the black population in South Africa, that have a high income and a diploma. The last few years the number of black diamonds have increased with almost 30 per cent! This group is responsible for almost one third of the purchasing power in South Africa. Due to the increasing purchasing power almost 12000 habitants are leaving the townships every month. The move to luxury neighborhoods where before only white people lived. Almost 70 per cent of the black diamonds are living in Gauteng the financial province of South Africa.
The term black diamond refers to the black population in South Africa, that have a high income and a diploma. The last few years the number of black diamonds have increased with almost 30 per cent! This group is responsible for almost one third of the purchasing power in South Africa. Due to the increasing purchasing power almost 12000 habitants are leaving the townships every month. The move to luxury neighborhoods where before only white people lived. Almost 70 per cent of the black diamonds are living in Gauteng the financial province of South Africa.
It is important to connect to this group, due to the fact that they are well educated and have purchasing power.
Religion
Religion is important for the South African habitants. It makes the gap smaller between the different cultures of groups.
Religion is important for the South African habitants. It makes the gap smaller between the different cultures of groups.
| RELIGIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA | ||
| Religion | Number | % of total |
| Christianity | 35 750 641 | 79.8% |
| Islam | 654 064 | 1.5% |
| Hinduism | 551 668 | 1.2% |
| Judaism | 75 549 | 0.2% |
| Other beliefs | 283 815 | 0.6% |
| No religion | 6 767 165 | 15% |
| Undetermined | 610 974 | 1.4% |
| TOTAL | 44 819 774 | 100% |
Christianity
Christianity has the large majority in South Africa, almost 75 per cent. The so called African Independent Churches have the majority of followers. This community has over 6 Million members and over 3000 churches.
Christianity has the large majority in South Africa, almost 75 per cent. The so called African Independent Churches have the majority of followers. This community has over 6 Million members and over 3000 churches.
Muslims
There are over 400.000 Muslims in South Africa and the number is still rising. Most Muslims live in Cape town ore in other large cities.
There are over 400.000 Muslims in South Africa and the number is still rising. Most Muslims live in Cape town ore in other large cities.
Jude
There are about 150.000 Jude in South Africa and most Jude live in Johannesburg.
There are about 150.000 Jude in South Africa and most Jude live in Johannesburg.
African healers (other beliefs)
African healers are still important in South Africa, and must not be underestimated. Healers mostly are important for the black habitants in South Africa.
African healers are still important in South Africa, and must not be underestimated. Healers mostly are important for the black habitants in South Africa.
Language
South Africa has eleven official languages:
South Africa has eleven official languages:
- African
- English
- IsiNdebele
- IsiXhosa
- IsiZulu
- Sepedi
- Sesotho
- Setswana
- SiSwati
- TshiVenda
- Xitsonga
Even though English is the most frequent to hear in South Africa, isiZulu is the most spoken language. 23.8 per cent speaks isiZulu.
Education
In South Africa there are three broad brands of education:
In South Africa there are three broad brands of education:
- General Education and Training
- Further Education and Training
- Higher Education and Training
School life in South Africa takes 13 years, from grade 0, also known as grade R (reception year) till grade 12 or, Matric year, the year of matriculation.
General Education and Training
This runs from grade 0 till grade 9. Education is compulsory for all South Africans from age 7 (grade 1) till age 15 (grade 9). General Education and Training also includes Adult Basic Education and Training.
This runs from grade 0 till grade 9. Education is compulsory for all South Africans from age 7 (grade 1) till age 15 (grade 9). General Education and Training also includes Adult Basic Education and Training.
Further Education and Training
South Africa has 12.3 million school pupils and 27,187 schools. This number includes the 1011 registered independent or private schools.
South Africa has 12.3 million school pupils and 27,187 schools. This number includes the 1011 registered independent or private schools.
Higher Education and Training
South Africa has a vibrant higher education sector. More than a million students enrolled in the countries 24 state funded tertiary institutions. There are 11 universities, 5 universities of technology and six comprehensive institutions.
South Africa has a vibrant higher education sector. More than a million students enrolled in the countries 24 state funded tertiary institutions. There are 11 universities, 5 universities of technology and six comprehensive institutions.
Government and education
South Africa has one of the highest rate of government investment in education in the word, usually around 20 per cent of the total government expenditure is spend to education and the development of education.
South Africa has one of the highest rate of government investment in education in the word, usually around 20 per cent of the total government expenditure is spend to education and the development of education.
Free time
Sports; The most popular sports in South Africa are soccer, rugby and cricket followed by swimming, athletics, golf, boxing tennis and netball.
Sports; The most popular sports in South Africa are soccer, rugby and cricket followed by swimming, athletics, golf, boxing tennis and netball.
Social life; Because there are so many different cultures in South Africa, the social life has some major differences. The social life is influenced by social class, ethnicity, religion and residence. For example: the social life of a black diamond living in Limpopo is different from that of an Indian shopkeeper in Durban, and that is different to an Afrikaner office worker in Johannesburg. But yet all these different type of people, each with their own culture like the same pleasures: the company of family and friends, going to the movies, music and dance and visits to the magnificent national parks and scenic landscapes.
Aids
The number of habitants infected with Aids are an estimated 5.6 Million in South Africa. This is the highest number in the world. It is believed that in 2009 an estimated 310,000 South Africans died of AIDS. Almost one in three women aged 25-29 and over a quarter of men aged 30-34 are living with HIV. In 2010 the South African Government launched a major HIV testing campaign. By raising awareness of HIV the campaign aims to reduce the HIV incidence rate by 50 per cent in June 2011
The number of habitants infected with Aids are an estimated 5.6 Million in South Africa. This is the highest number in the world. It is believed that in 2009 an estimated 310,000 South Africans died of AIDS. Almost one in three women aged 25-29 and over a quarter of men aged 30-34 are living with HIV. In 2010 the South African Government launched a major HIV testing campaign. By raising awareness of HIV the campaign aims to reduce the HIV incidence rate by 50 per cent in June 2011
Technological factors South Africa
Internet (access)
The access to internet is expanding in South Africa. South Africa is one of the most technologically resources countries of the African continent.
The access to internet is expanding in South Africa. South Africa is one of the most technologically resources countries of the African continent.
The first ADSL package was introduces in August 2002 by the national telecoms monopoly Telkom. Later more products were introduced to the South African market. In 2008 Neotel launched Internet and consumer services.
The prices of ADSL in South Africa have been decreasing steadily since internet was introduced. This mainly due to the fact that nowadays there is more competition from mobile network operators.
Development of technique
Global companies from South Africa
South Africa has some major enterprises. Forbes magazine includes 23 businesses that based or begun in South Africa, an example of a large multinational is BHP Billiton (101st on ranking) and Old Mutual (185st on ranking).
Global companies from South Africa
South Africa has some major enterprises. Forbes magazine includes 23 businesses that based or begun in South Africa, an example of a large multinational is BHP Billiton (101st on ranking) and Old Mutual (185st on ranking).
With the 23 top companies that South Africa has, it is far ahead of the rest of Africa in terms of global business. To compare: Egypt only has three international firms on the Forbes list and Liberia and Morocco only one.
South Africa is also ahead of other major countries such as Mexico (17), Russia (14), Saudi Arabia (5), Singapore (14) and Brazil (19)
Global companies in South Africa
Since democracy returned in South Africa in 1994 major global companies invested in South Africa to take advantage of the country’s vast investment potential.
Since democracy returned in South Africa in 1994 major global companies invested in South Africa to take advantage of the country’s vast investment potential.
The year 2005 shattered all records on the JSE, the South African stock exchange, I a boom fuelled by foreign investors buying up R50 billion in local shares.
The biggest single foreign investment in South Africa was the R30 million purchase of Barclays in Absa, one of the country’s big four bank.
Other major multinationals with major operations in South Africa include: Volkswagen, Acer, Microsoft, Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Mittal, Vodafone and others.
All the above companies bring their own techniques with them, witch increase the development of technique in South Africa.
Technique on water investments
Who is responsible for water management in South Africa?
Who is responsible for water management in South Africa?
Since 2006 local government is responsible for water management. Goal of the government that in 2008 all households must have water access, and in 2010 sanitation facility. This goal has not been achieved. In 2008 circa 40 per cent of the households in South Africa was connected to waterworks.
In 2000 the program Water for Growth and Development lounged. The government works together with all parties to search for a optimization for water use, both for social as economic growth. Results of this program are not available jet.
This concludes that local government is the target group that must be addressed.
The water management is divided into different sectors:
- Domestic
- Agricultural
- Industrial
- Recreational
- Aquatic ecosystem
- Constituting the water resource base
Technique on infrastructure
In South Africa has about 534.131 kilometers road, in which 63.027 paved roads and 2032 motorways.
In South Africa has about 534.131 kilometers road, in which 63.027 paved roads and 2032 motorways.
The South African National Road System is a network that consist of 18 motorways and the system can be compared with the American motorway system.
World cup 2010
Large investment ware made by South Africa to improve the infrastructure. The government spend some R9 Billion on upgrading the transport system. The funds are divided among the following South Africa’s nine World Cup host cities:
- Bloemfontein: R298 million
- Cape town: R766 million
- Durban: R851 million
- Johannesburg: R1.320 million
- Nelspruit: R212 million
- Polokwane: R179 million
- Port Elizabeth: R520 million
- Pretoria: 694 million
- Rustenburg: R69 million
Technique on public transport
The railway system is coordinated by Spoornet, a division of Transnet the South Adrican Rail Commuter Corporation.. In 2010, when the world cup was held in South Africa over R78 billion was invested on railroads, ports and pipelines.
The railway system is coordinated by Spoornet, a division of Transnet the South Adrican Rail Commuter Corporation.. In 2010, when the world cup was held in South Africa over R78 billion was invested on railroads, ports and pipelines.
Investments
A plan is been made to introduce a high speed rail link between Johannesburg, Pretoria and the OR Tambo international Airport. This will cost billions. Also plans have been made to improve the passenger rail and road transport, for example by introducing a Metro system.
A plan is been made to introduce a high speed rail link between Johannesburg, Pretoria and the OR Tambo international Airport. This will cost billions. Also plans have been made to improve the passenger rail and road transport, for example by introducing a Metro system.
Environmental situation South-Africa
Plant life
South Africa's has large areas of semi-desert land and has a large amount of grassland. So there are enough plant to see there. There are five major habitat types in South Africa: fynbos, forest, Karoo, grassland, and savannah. 10% of the world's flower species are found in South Africa. The Cape Peninsula alone has more plant species than the whole of Great Britain.
Plant life
South Africa's has large areas of semi-desert land and has a large amount of grassland. So there are enough plant to see there. There are five major habitat types in South Africa: fynbos, forest, Karoo, grassland, and savannah. 10% of the world's flower species are found in South Africa. The Cape Peninsula alone has more plant species than the whole of Great Britain.
Fynbos
This southwestern area of South Africa is the home of the fynbos. This fynbos has a lot of different vegetation types. The west of this area has a Mediterranean Sea climate. When it is hot and dry there are a lot of field fires, this is a important activity for the vegetation. Some seeds will only grow after the intense heat of the field fires. Fynbos got its name for the slim trees and bushes, these can’t be used for industry. The Fynbos also has wild orchids.
This southwestern area of South Africa is the home of the fynbos. This fynbos has a lot of different vegetation types. The west of this area has a Mediterranean Sea climate. When it is hot and dry there are a lot of field fires, this is a important activity for the vegetation. Some seeds will only grow after the intense heat of the field fires. Fynbos got its name for the slim trees and bushes, these can’t be used for industry. The Fynbos also has wild orchids.
Flowers
The Cape looks beautiful in the spring. But also the Namaqualand is very beautiful to see. It is dry, rocky and looks like a desert for the rest of the year. But for a few weeks in the spring it is covered with flowers. The colours here are very intense.
The Cape looks beautiful in the spring. But also the Namaqualand is very beautiful to see. It is dry, rocky and looks like a desert for the rest of the year. But for a few weeks in the spring it is covered with flowers. The colours here are very intense.
Medicinal plants and thorn treesThere are some traditional food plants and those that would kill you if you would eat them. South-Africa also has a lot of plants with a medicinal value. Some of these are useful as a medicine, such as the Aloe ferox. Also European colonists discovered them in history. Source:http://www.southafrica.info/
Geography of South Africa
The long coastline of South Africa is more than 2 500km long. It lays from the desert border with Namibia on the Atlantic coast, southwards around the tip of Africa, then north to the border with Mozambique on the Indian Ocean.
Size and provincesSouth Africa is a medium-sized country, with a total land area of 1.2-million square kilometers. That means that is has almost the same size as Niger, Angola, Mali and Colombia. It is 1/8 the size of the US, two times the size of France and over three times the size of Germany. South Africa measures 1 600 km from north to south, and almost the same from east to west. The country has nine provinces, with different sizes.
Figure..: Map of South Africa
Cities
South Africa has three capitals: Cape Town, Bloemfontein and Pretoria. In Cape Town there is the Parliament. Bloemfontein is the judicial capital. Pretoria is the administrative capital, and the actual capital of the country. The largest and most important city is Johannesburg, the economic capital of the country. Other important centers are Durban and Pietermaritzburg and Port Elizabeth.
South Africa has three capitals: Cape Town, Bloemfontein and Pretoria. In Cape Town there is the Parliament. Bloemfontein is the judicial capital. Pretoria is the administrative capital, and the actual capital of the country. The largest and most important city is Johannesburg, the economic capital of the country. Other important centers are Durban and Pietermaritzburg and Port Elizabeth.
Climate and topography
South Africa has a variety in climate and also a variety in topography. There are rocky hills and mountains in Karoo, it’s is very dry there. Extremely hot in summer, it can be icy in winter.
South Africa has a variety in climate and also a variety in topography. There are rocky hills and mountains in Karoo, it’s is very dry there. Extremely hot in summer, it can be icy in winter.
Oceans and rivers
Some small rivers run into the sea nearby the coastline, there are no natural harbours in the rivers. The coastline itself is quite smooth, has only one good natural harbour, at Saldanha Bay north of Cape Town. There are only two big rivers in South Africa: the Limpopo and the Orange. South Africa is a very dry country, so they have to be careful with their water. They made a water dam in the Orange River, it is ‘the Cariep.’ http://www.southafrica.info/
Figure..: Habitat types
Water could be a problem in the future. What kind of water is available and what is the quality? Nowadays the water is polluted by the industry, think about acids and poison in the water. To be ahead of this problem, South Africa is looking for new water sources at other southern African countries. The other countries can assist South Africa in the water supply. Other possible sources of water, such as making fresh water out of seawater water from icebergs, may be potential options in the future. Source: http://www.environment.gov.za/
Some small rivers run into the sea nearby the coastline, there are no natural harbours in the rivers. The coastline itself is quite smooth, has only one good natural harbour, at Saldanha Bay north of Cape Town. There are only two big rivers in South Africa: the Limpopo and the Orange. South Africa is a very dry country, so they have to be careful with their water. They made a water dam in the Orange River, it is ‘the Cariep.’ http://www.southafrica.info/
Figure..: Habitat types
Water could be a problem in the future. What kind of water is available and what is the quality? Nowadays the water is polluted by the industry, think about acids and poison in the water. To be ahead of this problem, South Africa is looking for new water sources at other southern African countries. The other countries can assist South Africa in the water supply. Other possible sources of water, such as making fresh water out of seawater water from icebergs, may be potential options in the future. Source: http://www.environment.gov.za/
Climate
In general it is a dry country especially in the west (the average rainfall in one year is 496 mm, approximately half the world average. Summer temperatures are generally warm and the maxima can frequently be very hot (above 35° C). The winters are not extremely cold, at night the minimum temperatures drop below freezing. http://www.environment.gov.za/
Political situation South Africa
South Africa has a multiparty political system, with 13 parties. And the president of South Africa is President Jacob Zuma. These 13 parties are represented in the National Assembly of Parliament. The African National Congress (ANC) is the biggest party. The ANC takes 264 of the 400 National Assembly seats. The party also controls eight of the country's nine provinces. South Africa's Parliament is made up of two houses: the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces. The National Assembly is the more influential one, making legislations. The members of the National Assembly of Parliament are chosen for five years. All South African citizens over the age of 18 are allowed to vote. Until now, South Africa has had democratic elections in 1994, 1999, 2004 and 2009. Before 1994, only white South Africans were allowed to vote for the national government. Source: http://www.southafrica.info/
South Africa has a multiparty political system, with 13 parties. And the president of South Africa is President Jacob Zuma. These 13 parties are represented in the National Assembly of Parliament. The African National Congress (ANC) is the biggest party. The ANC takes 264 of the 400 National Assembly seats. The party also controls eight of the country's nine provinces. South Africa's Parliament is made up of two houses: the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces. The National Assembly is the more influential one, making legislations. The members of the National Assembly of Parliament are chosen for five years. All South African citizens over the age of 18 are allowed to vote. Until now, South Africa has had democratic elections in 1994, 1999, 2004 and 2009. Before 1994, only white South Africans were allowed to vote for the national government. Source: http://www.southafrica.info/
What is the parliament?
The parliament plays a direct and active role in national affairs. It is the place where the members of Parliament look after the important topics of the South Africans.
The parliament plays a direct and active role in national affairs. It is the place where the members of Parliament look after the important topics of the South Africans.
The Members of Parliament (MP’s) have a lot of responsibilities, such as:
- consulting with the people, and representing the views in Parliament,
- making laws that will make the lives of South Africans better,
- making sure that the work that government promised to do, is being done,
- approving the budgets of government departments, as presented to Parliament by the Minister of Finance.
Tasks of the parliament
The parliament is made up of two Houses, the National Assembly (NA) and the National Council of Provinces (NCOP) , the members are chosen by the people of South Africa. Each House has its own functions and powers. The National Assembly is responsible for choosing the President, passing laws, making sure that the members do their work well. The Speaker is the head and spokesperson of the National Assembly.
The National Council of Provinces is also involved in the law‑making process. The Council makes a forum for debate on issues that are important for the provinces. The Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces is the head of and spokesperson for that House.
The parliament is made up of two Houses, the National Assembly (NA) and the National Council of Provinces (NCOP) , the members are chosen by the people of South Africa. Each House has its own functions and powers. The National Assembly is responsible for choosing the President, passing laws, making sure that the members do their work well. The Speaker is the head and spokesperson of the National Assembly.
The National Council of Provinces is also involved in the law‑making process. The Council makes a forum for debate on issues that are important for the provinces. The Chairperson of the National Council of Provinces is the head of and spokesperson for that House.
Elections
The laws of South Africa says that elections for Parliament must be once in every five years. Every citizen over the age of 18 who is registered can vote. If the majority of voters are not satisfied with what the government has been doing, they will be able to vote the government out of power. The party that wins the next election, will become the majority party. They will be able to form a new government.
The laws of South Africa says that elections for Parliament must be once in every five years. Every citizen over the age of 18 who is registered can vote. If the majority of voters are not satisfied with what the government has been doing, they will be able to vote the government out of power. The party that wins the next election, will become the majority party. They will be able to form a new government.
Process of election
There are two kinds of systems for elections:
There are two kinds of systems for elections:
- Constituency-based elections
Voters in each local area choose an individual candidate to represent them in the Parliament. The person who wins the most votes becomes a Member of Parliament. The party with the majority of MP’s will form the government. - Proportional representation elections
Voters in a large area vote for political parties. The political party chooses the people who will become its MPs. Each party has a number of seats. The seats are in proportion to how many votes it got in the election. Source: www.parliament.gov.za
Demographic situation Malawi
Life expectancy at birth
Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live. Malawi is one of the least developed and most densely populated countries in the world. Malawi’s economy is based on agriculture. In fact, agriculture is the source of income for more than 80% of population. Malawi's economy depends on inflows of foreign aid from the World Bank and individual donor nations.
Figure..: life expectantcy at birt in years of Malawi
Malawi, population growth (%)
Malawi, population growth (%)
As you can see, the population of Malawi is growing. In 2000 there were about 10.2 million inhabitants. Last year (2009) there were about 13.9 inhabitants. The figure indicates that the population is still growing. Rapid population growth can be seen as threatening by neighboring countries.| Year | Literacy (%) |
| 2000 | 58 |
| 2001 | 58 |
| 2002 | 58 |
| 2003 | 62.7 |
| 2004 | 62.7 |
| 2005 | 62.7 |
| 2006 | 62.7 |
| 2007 | 62.7 |
| 2008 | 62.7 |
| 2009 | 62.7 |
Figure…: population growth (%) of Malawi
Malawi, literacy (%)
Figure..: literacy (%) of Malawi
From 2002 to 2003 the literacy percentage has risen. At 2000 untill 2002 the literacy was 58%, after that the literacy grew up to 62.7 % of the Malawian inhabitants. From 2003 untill 2009 the percentage hasn’t changed. This could show that Malawi is at its maximum for this moment. http://www.indexmundi.com/
Age structures of Malawi
0-14 years: 45.4% (male 3,419,711/female 3,404,726)
0-14 years: 45.4% (male 3,419,711/female 3,404,726)
15-64 years: 51.9% (male 3,889,065/female 3,915,309)
65 years and over: 2.7% (male 172,679/female 227,267) (2010 est.)
Urbanization of Malawi
Only twenty percent of Malawi’s population is named as urban. This makes the country one of the least urbanized countries in Africa. But Malawi is one of the most urbanizing countries in Africa at 6.3 per cent per year. Malawi’s towns and cities are growing at extremely rates. Following the expectations, the population will be doubled when the year 2020 is reached. http://www.unmalawi.org/
Only twenty percent of Malawi’s population is named as urban. This makes the country one of the least urbanized countries in Africa. But Malawi is one of the most urbanizing countries in Africa at 6.3 per cent per year. Malawi’s towns and cities are growing at extremely rates. Following the expectations, the population will be doubled when the year 2020 is reached. http://www.unmalawi.org/
Reputation of inhabitants
People from the northern region have a reputation for being better educated and more skilled in business. Men dress in a Western style, wearing shirts and trousers, women often wear traditional costumes called ‘chitenjes’. These are large pieces of colored fabric used as a skirt, a headdress, and a wrap that holds a small child on the woman's back. One way to see differences between the three regions is by looking to the color of the dress. Shoes are expensive and it is normal that the local people ( in the city) don’t even have shoes.
Status between women and men
Men do most work outside the home. However, with help from Western countries, women are being encouraged to start their own businesses. When a family returns from the market or from gathering firewood or looking for water, women and children carry the stuff. The man leads the way, (smoking if he can afford tobacco), with the rest of the family behind him walking. 3/4 of the literate people are men. Usually, men and women don’t eat together in one room. The woman serves the meal to the man, often on her knees. At weddings, it is normal for the bride to serve food to the husband's parents in that position.
People from the northern region have a reputation for being better educated and more skilled in business. Men dress in a Western style, wearing shirts and trousers, women often wear traditional costumes called ‘chitenjes’. These are large pieces of colored fabric used as a skirt, a headdress, and a wrap that holds a small child on the woman's back. One way to see differences between the three regions is by looking to the color of the dress. Shoes are expensive and it is normal that the local people ( in the city) don’t even have shoes.
Status between women and men
Men do most work outside the home. However, with help from Western countries, women are being encouraged to start their own businesses. When a family returns from the market or from gathering firewood or looking for water, women and children carry the stuff. The man leads the way, (smoking if he can afford tobacco), with the rest of the family behind him walking. 3/4 of the literate people are men. Usually, men and women don’t eat together in one room. The woman serves the meal to the man, often on her knees. At weddings, it is normal for the bride to serve food to the husband's parents in that position.
Children and education
The average woman will give birth to five to six children. Less than the half will make it to the age of five years. Children are raised under strict family control, usually by the mother. They are expected to help with the tasks of daily living. Most tasks are done by female children, think of carrying the water, cleaning the home and washing the dishes, and going to the market. Half the population over the age of fifteen can read and write, but education is reserved for those who have enough money to pay the school and uniforms. Most children have to end their education before high school. http://www.everyculture.com/
The average woman will give birth to five to six children. Less than the half will make it to the age of five years. Children are raised under strict family control, usually by the mother. They are expected to help with the tasks of daily living. Most tasks are done by female children, think of carrying the water, cleaning the home and washing the dishes, and going to the market. Half the population over the age of fifteen can read and write, but education is reserved for those who have enough money to pay the school and uniforms. Most children have to end their education before high school. http://www.everyculture.com/
Economical situation in Malawi
With a per capita income of approximately 160 US-Dollar Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world. Malawi also stand on the list LDC (least developed countries,this is a list made by the United Nations). Malawi is an agricultural state, has a weak infrastructure and low standard of education. Malawi needs the international help ‘to survive’. http://www.lilongwe.diplo.de/
With a per capita income of approximately 160 US-Dollar Malawi is one of the poorest countries in the world. Malawi also stand on the list LDC (least developed countries,this is a list made by the United Nations). Malawi is an agricultural state, has a weak infrastructure and low standard of education. Malawi needs the international help ‘to survive’. http://www.lilongwe.diplo.de/
| Year | GDP (purchasing power parity) (Billion $) |
| 2000 | 9.4 |
| 2001 | 9.4 |
| 2002 | 7 |
| 2003 | 7.2 |
| 2004 | 6.845 |
| 2005 | 7.41 |
| 2006 | 7.364 |
| 2007 | 8.272 |
| 2008 | 10.59 |
| 2009 | 10.07 |
Malawi, GDP (purchasing power parity)Figure…: GDP of Malawi
Malawi, export (billion$)
| Year | Exports (Billion $) |
| 2000 | 0.51 |
| 2001 | 0.416 |
| 2002 | 0.4155 |
| 2003 | 0.435 |
| 2004 | 0.455 |
| 2005 | 0.5034 |
| 2006 | 0.364 |
| 2007 | 0.5131 |
| 2008 | 0.604 |
| 2009 | 0.83 |
Figure…: export (billion $) of Malawi
Malawi’s economy is based on agriculture. The country exports tobacco, tea, sugar, cotton, and coffee. More and more countries have anti-smoking campaigns. The price of tobacco is getting cheaper. This has a negative inmpact of the lives of the tobacco farmers. http://www.fao.org/
Malawi, imports (in billion $)
| Year | Imports (Billion $) |
| 2000 | 0.512 |
| 2001 | 0.435 |
| 2002 | 0.4636 |
| 2003 | 0.505 |
| 2004 | 0.505 |
| 2005 | 0.5211 |
| 2006 | 0.645 |
| 2007 | 0.7679 |
| 2008 | 0.866 |
| 2009 | 1.587 |
As showed, Malawi is importing more and more through the years. This is also seen at the exporting numbers of Malawi. On 2008 Malawi imported for 0.866 billion dollars and in 2009 for 1.587 billon dollars. That is almost the double amount of money.
Inflation (Average Consumer Price Change %) for Malawi in year 2009 is 8.421 %
This makes Malawi number 34 in world rankinglist on the topic Inflation (Average Consumer Price Change %) in year 2009. Malawi is 8.42 more than the average.
In the following or forecasted year, 2010 the inflation (Average Consumer Price Change %) for Malawi was or will be 8.36 %.
Social factors Malawi
The Infant mortality rate is high and life expectancy is just about 50 years (49 years for men and 51 years for women in 2009). The average age is 16.8 years. Almost 930,000 adults are infected by HIV/AIDS. This number represents around 12% of the population. There are approximately 68,000 deaths a year from HIV/AIDS (2007). We can also say that approximately 250 new people are infected each day by HIV. This is a very important issue for this country. The HIV disease is expected to lower a lot the country's GDP.
The degree of risk about major infectious diseases is very high. These diseases could be bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, malaria, etc.
In this country, primary education is not compulsory, but the Constitution requires that all people be entitled to at least five years of primary education. About the literacy, people from 15 years old which are able to read and write, the percentage is about 62.7%.
Concerning the religion approximately 80% of the population is Christian. There is also 13% of Muslim. There are also smaller numbers of Anglicans, Baptists and evangelicals.
There are different Ethnic groups such as Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Asian, etc.
About languages, the official one is Chichewa. It’s spoken by 57.2% of the population. There are also, Chinyanja wich represents 12.8%, and others like Chiyao, Chitumbuka, Chisena, etc.
Technological factors Malawi
Concerning water infrastructure, The European Investment Bank (EIB) has awarded more than 46 million U.S. dollars to enable the country to invest in programs for water supply and sanitation in the area surrounding the cities of Blantyre and Lilongwe
It would entail the upgrading of key water and sanitation infrastructure, as well as the development of institutional capacity.
An additional 723 000 people would benefit from the delivery of safe drinking water and a further 468 000 people will get access to basic sanitation facilities.
It would entail the upgrading of key water and sanitation infrastructure, as well as the development of institutional capacity.
An additional 723 000 people would benefit from the delivery of safe drinking water and a further 468 000 people will get access to basic sanitation facilities.
Environmental factors Malawi
Landscape
Malawi is a stretched out county. The length is over 800 kilometers and the wide varies from 80 and 160 kilometers. The Malawi lake is in the east and is like Malawi stretched out. The lake covers over one fifth of the country. The deepest point of the lake is 785 meters. In the west of Malawi are steep hills and mountains. The highest mountain of Malawi is Mount Malanje, over 3000 meters.
Landscape
Malawi is a stretched out county. The length is over 800 kilometers and the wide varies from 80 and 160 kilometers. The Malawi lake is in the east and is like Malawi stretched out. The lake covers over one fifth of the country. The deepest point of the lake is 785 meters. In the west of Malawi are steep hills and mountains. The highest mountain of Malawi is Mount Malanje, over 3000 meters.
Climate
Malawi has a subtropical climate. In the higher areas of the country it is a bit cooler than in other parts. The rain season is from April till November. Highest temperature is 33 degrees in October and coldest is 21 degrees in July. The river banks and the Malawi lake are swampy.
Malawi has a subtropical climate. In the higher areas of the country it is a bit cooler than in other parts. The rain season is from April till November. Highest temperature is 33 degrees in October and coldest is 21 degrees in July. The river banks and the Malawi lake are swampy.
Flora and Fauna
There are many special and indigenous plants growing in Malawi. An example are the over hundred sorts of orchids. Pine and eucalyptus trees are planted for the wood industry. The wild lives mainly in national parks. The most known park is the so called Liwonde National Park. Hire are living herds of elephants and antelopes and in the Shire river hippos bade. Other national parks: Kasungu national parkm Nyika national park, Lake Malawi national park and the Vwasa march Wildlife park.
There are many special and indigenous plants growing in Malawi. An example are the over hundred sorts of orchids. Pine and eucalyptus trees are planted for the wood industry. The wild lives mainly in national parks. The most known park is the so called Liwonde National Park. Hire are living herds of elephants and antelopes and in the Shire river hippos bade. Other national parks: Kasungu national parkm Nyika national park, Lake Malawi national park and the Vwasa march Wildlife park.
Cities
Lilongwe:
Lilongwe:
Lilongwe is the capital city of Malawi. It is build on a hight of 1200 meters and located close to the boarders of Mozambique and Zambia. The city is saperated into different areas. The center of the capital city is the most modern. Here banks, hotels and the government is located. Also the most non governmental organisations are located in the capital city. A major problem in Lolongwe is AIDS. Most of the population is infected, aswell as the rest of Malawi.
Provinces
Malawi has 28 provinces (destrics)
Malawi has 28 provinces (destrics)
| Balaka | Blantyre | Chikwawa | Chiradzulu | Chitipa | Dedza | Dowa | Karonga |
| Kasangu | Likoma | Lilongwe | Machinga | Mangochi | Mchinji | Mulanje | Mwanza |
| Mzimba | Neno | Ntcheu | Nkhata Bay | Nkhotakota | Nsanje | Ntschisi | Phalombe |
| Rumphi | Salima | Thyolo | Zomba | Karonga | Mwanza | Phalombe |
The most imporante province in Malawi is Lolognwe, where the capital is located and most governmental organizations are located.
Political factors Malawi
Politcal system in Malawi
Politcal system in Malawi
Malawi has a multipary democracy and has a 46 member cabinet, all canidates are named by the president, Bungu wa Mutharika. He was chosen on the 24th of may 2004 and 2009. Each five years elections are held and a new president can be chosen. The president is both the chief of state and head of government.
Political parties and leaders
- Alliance for Democracy (AFORD) : Dindi Nyasulu
- Congress of Democrats (CODE) : Ralph Kasambara
- Democratic Progressive Party (DDP) : Bingu wa Mutharika
- Malawi Congress Party (MCP) : John Tembo
- Malawi Democratic Party (MDP) : Kampelo Kulua
- Malawi forum for Untiy and Development (MAFUNDE) : George Mnesa
- Maravi People’s Party : Uladi Mussa
- National Unity Party (NUP) : Harry Chiume
- New Rainbow Coalition Party : Beatrice Mwale
- New Republican Party : Gwanda Chakuwamba
- People’s progressive Movement (PPM) : Aleke Banda
- People’s Transformation Movement (PETRA) : Kamazu Chibambo
- Republican Party (RP) : Stanley Masauli
- United Democratis Front (UDF) : Bakili Muluzi
- United Democratic Party : Kenedy Kalambo
Legal system
The legal system of Malawi is based on the English common law and customary law.
Current water issues in South Africa
Water is perhaps South Africa's most critical resource. Combine that with problems of increased land use and a growing population. This gives a reason for concerning.
South Africa's freshwater supply is almost stretched to its limit. Less than 10% of South Africa’s rainfall is available as surface water. This is the lowest ratio in the world. The country’s groundwater resources are equally limited. Despite regulations of river waters, in many catchments the need for water is higher than the supply. The quality is often below standards. Given the projected growth in population and economic development, South Africa faces tough times in meeting water demands in the decades ahead. The shortfall in freshwater is tied to growing demands, but also to other issues such as loss of natural habitat and potentially climate change. http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/south_africa/environmental_problems__in_south_africa/
The apartheid stopped officially in South Africa in 1994. It is estimated that 14 million South Africans had no good access to a formal water supply in 1994. About half the country had no sanitation, that is 21 million people. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) concluded this. Since then, access to water has increased dramatically. In 2008, about 5 million people were still in need of adequate water supplies. And three times more (15 million people) lacked basic sanitation. These numbers are showing the size of the problem.
The water quality of the drinking water is checked every month. This does sound good but the controlling method isn’t 100 percent trustable. The infrastructure is outdated, and it hard to keep the skilled staff in the companies. They’ve noted unacceptable high levels of pollution in some rivers and dams. Million of citizens still don’t have access to a flushing toilet and piped water. There was an investigation in 2008 at the municipal water. The half of the municipal water had high levels of the potentially deadly E. coli bacteria.
The E. coli bacteria can be caused by certain industries, but it could also indicate that water supplies were recently contaminated with human or animal waste. The heavy rains in 2009 could have contributed to this problem because it can wash contaminations into the water system.
A river runs through it
The Vaal River stretches more than 1,000 km to become the main tributary to South Africa's longest waterway, the Orange River. It feeds large portions of the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan area, the country's economic heartland, as well as most of the northern Free State Province.
South Africa's freshwater supply is almost stretched to its limit. Less than 10% of South Africa’s rainfall is available as surface water. This is the lowest ratio in the world. The country’s groundwater resources are equally limited. Despite regulations of river waters, in many catchments the need for water is higher than the supply. The quality is often below standards. Given the projected growth in population and economic development, South Africa faces tough times in meeting water demands in the decades ahead. The shortfall in freshwater is tied to growing demands, but also to other issues such as loss of natural habitat and potentially climate change. http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/south_africa/environmental_problems__in_south_africa/
The apartheid stopped officially in South Africa in 1994. It is estimated that 14 million South Africans had no good access to a formal water supply in 1994. About half the country had no sanitation, that is 21 million people. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF) concluded this. Since then, access to water has increased dramatically. In 2008, about 5 million people were still in need of adequate water supplies. And three times more (15 million people) lacked basic sanitation. These numbers are showing the size of the problem.
The water quality of the drinking water is checked every month. This does sound good but the controlling method isn’t 100 percent trustable. The infrastructure is outdated, and it hard to keep the skilled staff in the companies. They’ve noted unacceptable high levels of pollution in some rivers and dams. Million of citizens still don’t have access to a flushing toilet and piped water. There was an investigation in 2008 at the municipal water. The half of the municipal water had high levels of the potentially deadly E. coli bacteria.
The E. coli bacteria can be caused by certain industries, but it could also indicate that water supplies were recently contaminated with human or animal waste. The heavy rains in 2009 could have contributed to this problem because it can wash contaminations into the water system.
A river runs through it
The Vaal River stretches more than 1,000 km to become the main tributary to South Africa's longest waterway, the Orange River. It feeds large portions of the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan area, the country's economic heartland, as well as most of the northern Free State Province.
| “One of the major problems is that our system is very old - our pump station is giving us problems, almost everything is giving us problems” Mojalefa Radebe |
Local wildlife is also struggling to cope with the environmental impact. They removed 20 tonnes of dead fish. A local NGO ‘Save the Vaal River Environment (SAVE)’ took the local ‘Emfuleni municipality’ to court. This was because they leaked millions of liters of raw sewage into the river. SAVE said the pollution had contributed to stomach and intestinal disorders among nearby residents.
The ‘Emfuleni municipality’ wanted to defend itself. "One of the major problems is that our system is very old - our pump station is giving us problems, almost everything is giving us problems," said Mojalefa Radebe, media relations officer at the municipality's Water Service Unit.
http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82750
The ‘Emfuleni municipality’ wanted to defend itself. "One of the major problems is that our system is very old - our pump station is giving us problems, almost everything is giving us problems," said Mojalefa Radebe, media relations officer at the municipality's Water Service Unit.
http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82750
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Destruction of natural habitats
The land of the "fine-leaved plants", the South African Fynbos, is one of the world’s most impressive botanical kingdoms. An estimated 8,500 species of vascular plants are reported here. But because the area has been heavily settled for several centuries, large swathes of natural vegetation, particularly in the lowlands, have been cleared for agriculture and urban development.
Similar problems face the Namib-Karoo-Kaokeveld desert, a very distinctive and floristically rich ecoregion with highly diverse endemic plant communities. Here, poor land management, conversion of marginal lands for cultivation, dam construction, mining, and illegal extraction of selected succulents for black market trade, pose a suite of threats.
The land of the "fine-leaved plants", the South African Fynbos, is one of the world’s most impressive botanical kingdoms. An estimated 8,500 species of vascular plants are reported here. But because the area has been heavily settled for several centuries, large swathes of natural vegetation, particularly in the lowlands, have been cleared for agriculture and urban development.
Similar problems face the Namib-Karoo-Kaokeveld desert, a very distinctive and floristically rich ecoregion with highly diverse endemic plant communities. Here, poor land management, conversion of marginal lands for cultivation, dam construction, mining, and illegal extraction of selected succulents for black market trade, pose a suite of threats.
Pollution
A high level of traffic associated with raw oil transport from the Arabian Gulf has resulted in contamination from tankers' spills and discharge of polluted ballast waters.
CSIR
Dr Anthony Turton is a senior researcher at the CSIR and a deputy governor representing the country on the World Water Council board. It’s interesting to notate his e-mail address. He is a researcher at the CSIR and he will represent South-Africa at the World Water Council board in 2012 ( A water event taken every three years).
‘The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in South Africa is one of the leading scientific and technology research, development and implementation organisations in Africa. It undertakes directed research and development for socio-economic growth. the CSIR undertakes directed and multidisciplinary research, technological innovation as well as industrial and scientific development to improve the quality of life of the country’s people. The CSIR is committed to supporting innovation in South Africa to improve national competitiveness in the global economy. Science and technology services and solutions are provided in support of various stakeholders, and opportunities are identified where new technologies can be further developed and exploited in the private and public sectors for commercial and social benefit’. http://www.csir.co.za/ He can be contacted at this e-mail address: tony@anthonyturton.com. He also has his own website: http://www.anthonyturton.com/
--Dr Anthony Turton is a senior researcher at the CSIR and a deputy governor representing the country on the World Water Council board. It’s interesting to notate his e-mail address. He is a researcher at the CSIR and he will represent South-Africa at the World Water Council board in 2012 ( A water event taken every three years).
‘The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in South Africa is one of the leading scientific and technology research, development and implementation organisations in Africa. It undertakes directed research and development for socio-economic growth. the CSIR undertakes directed and multidisciplinary research, technological innovation as well as industrial and scientific development to improve the quality of life of the country’s people. The CSIR is committed to supporting innovation in South Africa to improve national competitiveness in the global economy. Science and technology services and solutions are provided in support of various stakeholders, and opportunities are identified where new technologies can be further developed and exploited in the private and public sectors for commercial and social benefit’. http://www.csir.co.za/ He can be contacted at this e-mail address: tony@anthonyturton.com. He also has his own website: http://www.anthonyturton.com/
Management of dams
The problems are getting worse, and the management of the dams isn’t good as well. This reduces the supply of water that there is available. As the quality of the water from the water sources is getting worse it is more complex and more expensive to make this water clear again and safe for drinking. For example, the City of Cape Town is spending R400 000 a month more than it should on treating water from the Voelvlei dam alone. This is because the level of pollutants is very high in the water.
The problems are getting worse, and the management of the dams isn’t good as well. This reduces the supply of water that there is available. As the quality of the water from the water sources is getting worse it is more complex and more expensive to make this water clear again and safe for drinking. For example, the City of Cape Town is spending R400 000 a month more than it should on treating water from the Voelvlei dam alone. This is because the level of pollutants is very high in the water.
Poor maintenance of municipal water and sewerage systems
The pipes that deliver clean water to the cities of South Africa and towns, are old and bad maintained. Most municipal sewerage systems in South Africa are 30 to 50 years old. But not a lot of councils do anything about this bad maintenance of these pipes.
• Pollution in the Vaal River as a result of ongoing sewerage spills has been a problem for over ten years. For many years local residents have been trying to get a commitment from government to rebuild the bad systems. Legal action is now being threatened.
• Tests showed that the levels of human contamination in the Umsunduzi River were 115 000 per 100ml. According to international standards, an acceptable drinkable count is 150 per 100ml of water. According to conservationist and Duzi race pioneer Dr Ian Player, the river “gets more dangerous as every year goes by because there's inadequate attention to what is happening all down the river”.
The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry mentioned it that there also must be put money aside to do maintaining on the existing facilities. The national government has also not prioritized it adequately. It is estimated that the need of money is R180bn per year to investigate the system. Only R1bn is reserved for this. That is less than one percent of what is needed in one year.
http://www.environment.co.za/south-africa-environmental-issues-news/south-africas-looming-water-crisis.html
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First some background supply-side issues:
• South Africa is water poor, with a rainfall level that is 58 percent of the world
mean.
• In much of South Africa, water demand exceeds local water supply at current
prices, the balance being achieved through inter-basin water transfers.
• Rainfall in South Africa is erratic. Dependence on river flows for daily water
provision is thus risky. As a result, half the mean runoff is captured in dams for
later use. The supply of water may therefore appear as either a stock or a flow.
• Water is not necessarily destroyed or lost through use. It often passes on to other
users though sometimes in a degraded form.
• Water is not a homogeneous commodity; variations in quality, quantity and timing
of supplies influence it’s value to users.
• In South Africa, potable water is commonly sold to households by the bottle (at
approximately R4 per litre) and by the kilolitre via metred pipes, at between
R0.001 and R0.007 per litre (or R1 to R7 per metric ton). Households may
purchase both forms of water concurrently.
• Recent political developments suggest that approximately the first 6 kilolitres of
water should be delivered to households free of charge, that is, at a flat rate of
zero cents per litre.
• Municipalities and other bulk/wholesale suppliers are under pressure to reduce
the quantity of water demanded by their consumers, rather than augmenting their
bulk supplies. This leads to a basic tension between economic and environmental
issues. Demand management tools generally reduce revenues from water sales,
those that are priced based having their major effect on users who pay their bills.
They have little impact on defaulters or those who receive free water, though
non-price measures such as reducing water pressure and increasing expenditure
on pipe maintenance can help.
Current water issues in Malawi
Water Resources
Lakes are a main feature of Malawi’s water resources and the main ones are:
Lake Malawi, lake Malombe, Lake Chilwa and lake Chiuta. There are nine major dams with a height of more than 12 m and with a total storage of over 43 million m3. They have been constructed mainly for municipal water supply. In addition there are 700,750 small dams with a storage capacity of approximately 64 million m3. Due to lack of maintenance over a long period, most of these small dams needs service.
Role of Irrigation in Agricultural Production, the Economy, and Society
Over the last 15 years, irrigation has had a low priority in agricultural production. The main limitations have been:
- Reluctance of donors to fund irrigation development.
- Almost no irrigation technology training facilities within the country.
- A poorly funded and understaffed Department of Irrigation.
- Lack of farmer ownership of plots on government schemes.
Water Management
Finances
Government policy on financing irrigation developments in the country is that such developments are only minimally subsidized. The government aims to optimize its investment in irrigation development through the application of the principles of cost sharing and cost recovery.
Policies and Legislation
Policy issues are addressed by the National Irrigation Policy and Development Strategy (2000) developed by the DoI, the Water Policy (1996), the Water Resources Management Policy and Strategy (2000) developed by the MWD, and the Environmental Management Policy (1996). Main legislation concerned with issues of water resources and irrigation are the Water Resources Act of 1969 and the Irrigation Act of 2001.
According to the Irrigation Policy and Development Strategy, the mission of the DoI is to manage and develop water and land resources for diversified, economically sound and sustainable irrigation and drainage systems under organized smallholder and estate management institutions and to maintain an effective advisory service. Following this policy, an Irrigation Act (No. 16 of 2001) was passed by Parliament in November 2001. The Act makes provision for the sustainable development and management of irrigation, protection of the environment from irrigation related degradations, establishment of a National Irrigation Board and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto. The overall policy goal of the Water Resources Management Policy and Strategy is sustainable management and utilization of water resources in order to provide water of acceptable quality in sufficient quantities, and ensure availability of efficient and effective water and sanitation services that satisfy the basic requirements of every Malawian. The Policy is currently being revised to include a number of issues that were not clearly addressed in the previous policy documents. Under the Water Resources Act of 1969 all water abstractions must be licensed, except for general household domestic use, as well as all industrial effluent discharges into public water bodies, including human sewage. Annual permits are required for abstractions greater than 1,000 L/day, except for domestic use. The charging system is based on the water source and type of usage; however, the collection of revenue is severely limited by lack of staff. Together with the efforts to revise the above policy there are attempts to revise and amend the Water Resources Act of 1969. The process of the revision of the Act has been very slow. In fact efforts to revise the Act started in the mid 1980s but they never materialized due to a number of factors. However, following recent revision of the policy, efforts are underway to finally amend the Act. The existing Act makes provision for the control, apportionment and use of the country’s water resources.
Cultural differences South-Africa and Malawi
Power distance
This term describes to what extent power differences between members of the society, orginizations and institutions are accepted. A great acceptance of power distance comes with the emphasizing of obedience and respect and a tendancy to centralization. A low acceptance of power distance comes with a greater influence and control of employees within an organization.
This term describes to what extent power differences between members of the society, orginizations and institutions are accepted. A great acceptance of power distance comes with the emphasizing of obedience and respect and a tendancy to centralization. A low acceptance of power distance comes with a greater influence and control of employees within an organization.
South-Africa has got a power distance index (PDI) of 49. In comparison: The Netherlands has a 38 on the PDI-scale. This means that in South-Africa there is quite a big power distance between the different people. Especially Caucasian people are respected much more than their fellow colored inhabitants. This has got to do with the ‘apartheid’. Racism still plays a big role in South-Africa. There is a great inequality in South-Africa. For example; White people are far more likely to get a management career than black people. This means Caucasians got more status and are overall much healthier than black people. The differences in wealth are gigantic in South-Africa. It is almost impossible for black people to get good jobs in South-Africa, due to the racism. They have to show great respect to their fellow white people and are often treaten very badly. In the Netherlands there is a very small power distance. Employees often address to their boss as ‘you’ where in high power distance countries this is unacceptable.
Individualism vs. collectivism
This term describes to what extent individuals are integrated into social groups. Collectivism sets the interest of the group over that of the individual, as opposed to the individualism. Collectivistic cultures often show large integrated groups of people, like big families. They have a great loyalty to one another. Individualists focuses on the individual itself. Individualism can be described as reaching your own goals and self-creation. Individualists don’t have a real close bond with society, but it’s everyone for themselves.
This term describes to what extent individuals are integrated into social groups. Collectivism sets the interest of the group over that of the individual, as opposed to the individualism. Collectivistic cultures often show large integrated groups of people, like big families. They have a great loyalty to one another. Individualists focuses on the individual itself. Individualism can be described as reaching your own goals and self-creation. Individualists don’t have a real close bond with society, but it’s everyone for themselves.
The individuality index of South-Africa (IDV) is 65, this is moderately high. This number shows that there are a lot of different cultures in South-Africa with different norms and values. The IDV-value of South-Africa is much higher than in other countries of the African continent. This is due to the great European influences in South-Africa. In the Netherlands the IDV-value is even higher; 80. Dutch people tend to be quite individualistic. Due to the Dutch influences in South-Africa and the backgrounds of the Caucasian people in South-Africa these groups are still individualistic. Local tribes in South-Africa are the opposite of indidualists. But like mentioned before, the influence of the European white people drive up the IDV-index. So in most black societies in South-Africa ‘we’ comes before ‘I’. With the white people it’s the other way around. Holland is a very individualistc country. People tend to think of themselves first, and put the interest of the group as a whole on the background. The Dutch society is focused on making money and living a wealthy life.
Masculinity
For masculinity, success is a dominant factor in society. In a feminine society, the care for others and a good quality of life are most important. In feminine cultures, people work to live. Salary isn’t as important as in a masculine society. In a masculine society, in opposition to feminine societies, managers are supposed to be assertive and decisive and conflicts should be solved by fighting over it. On the other hand, feminine cultures solve conflicts by negotiating and coming to an agreement both parties are happy with. Feminine cultures are good at trade and services while masculine cultures tend to mass production. Also the relation between men and women are important. In a masculine culture women are often treated unequally and are less likely to get a management job for example. In a feministic culture women are treated the same way as men.
For masculinity, success is a dominant factor in society. In a feminine society, the care for others and a good quality of life are most important. In feminine cultures, people work to live. Salary isn’t as important as in a masculine society. In a masculine society, in opposition to feminine societies, managers are supposed to be assertive and decisive and conflicts should be solved by fighting over it. On the other hand, feminine cultures solve conflicts by negotiating and coming to an agreement both parties are happy with. Feminine cultures are good at trade and services while masculine cultures tend to mass production. Also the relation between men and women are important. In a masculine culture women are often treated unequally and are less likely to get a management job for example. In a feministic culture women are treated the same way as men.
The masculinity index in South-Africa is high, 63. This means men have much more power than women. In comparison; The Dutch masculinity index (MAS) is 14. The differences between males and females in South-Africa are still really big. But again, it depends on the race and social status. Black kids who go to school in South-Africa are taught to respect women en treat them equally. But a lot of people in South-Africa who come from poor neighborhoods treat women like animals and man are superior. Cape town has the highest rate of rape-crimes in the whole African continent. So to summarize this; the degree of masculinity is related to the degree of intellectual. Wealthy people who can go to school learn to treat women equal and the rest doesn’t. Women aren’t able to work in leadership positions in South-Africa, and also the salary is much less than that of men’s salaries. The feminist theory in South-Africa states that men are the problem. They are standing in the way of the path to liberty and positive change for South-Africa. In the Netherlands this is very different. Women are treated equally and it’s even against the law to offer a job where only men can apply for. In the Netherlands women get the same salary as men and are often treated equally.
Uncertainty avoidance
The degree of uncertainty avoidance in South-Africa is measured in the uncertainty avoidance index (UAI). A country’s uncertainty can be avoided by regulating. By setting lots of rules, rituals or procedures. The higher the score, the more people are inclined to do calculative international business. This has to do with the fear of uncertainty, and thus everything that is different from what they know. High scoring countries tend to want to have everything under control where low scoring countries seem to have a natural calm and tend to deregulation. It also measures to what extent society members feel comfortable in their situations. Do they feel rather comfortable in structured or in unstructured situations? Countries with a high UAI index try to reduce the possibility of ‘unknown’ or ‘different from usual’ situations by setting strict laws and rules. Low scoring countries tend to accept opinions that differ from their own and try to have very few rules.
The degree of uncertainty avoidance in South-Africa is measured in the uncertainty avoidance index (UAI). A country’s uncertainty can be avoided by regulating. By setting lots of rules, rituals or procedures. The higher the score, the more people are inclined to do calculative international business. This has to do with the fear of uncertainty, and thus everything that is different from what they know. High scoring countries tend to want to have everything under control where low scoring countries seem to have a natural calm and tend to deregulation. It also measures to what extent society members feel comfortable in their situations. Do they feel rather comfortable in structured or in unstructured situations? Countries with a high UAI index try to reduce the possibility of ‘unknown’ or ‘different from usual’ situations by setting strict laws and rules. Low scoring countries tend to accept opinions that differ from their own and try to have very few rules.
In South-Africa there’s a moderate uncertainty avoidance of 49. That isn’t that much different from the Netherlands where the UAI-index is 53. According to the CIA-factbook. South-Africa has the 17th largest stock exchange in the world. This shows that South-Africa is quite risk accepting. This means that the uncertainty avoidance is low in this part. Another sign for low uncertainty avoidance is that South-Africa invests a lot of money in the U.K., one of their biggest business partners. This obviously comes with some risks. On the other hand, South-Africa has a well-developed government that sets rules and laws which were also influenced by the Roman Dutch law which tend to be quite strict and contain more facts than the common law. They have no jury system so the judge decides. Also, there is almost no social interaction between different groups; the wealthy and the poor, the black and the white. White people often even have to have guards to protect them from the poor black society. This is another uncertainty avoidance measure.
http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_netherlands.shtml
http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_south_africa.shtml
http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/power-distance-index/
http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_south_africa.shtml
http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/power-distance-index/
What is the emotional image of Holland with respect to water and water knowledge with the target groups?
South-Africa
The government of South Africa needs to invest in water management. In order to do so they need the water knowledge of foreign countries. The government of South Africa is allready collaborating with the Netherlands to improve the water systems in South Africa.
Example of a successful project: Trenchless Technology Pilot program in Durban
Just before the world cup in 2010 the Trenchless Technology Pilot program was launched in Durban. The project is about introducing the Dutch solution to replace old water pipes in a efficient and environmental way. The Dutch government is playing a central role while replacing the pipe lines. The Dutch government is financing this project with 500.000 Euros.
Just before the world cup in 2010 the Trenchless Technology Pilot program was launched in Durban. The project is about introducing the Dutch solution to replace old water pipes in a efficient and environmental way. The Dutch government is playing a central role while replacing the pipe lines. The Dutch government is financing this project with 500.000 Euros.
This project is a major success in South Africa and gives Dutch companies the opportunity to invest in water projects. Many companies universities are cooperating with South Africa. These are the so called Water Network Partners. The Dutch participants:
| Dutch Companies | Berson UV-Techniek | Consultants for Development Programmes | Deltares Institute for Delta Research | DHV-SSI |
| E-QUA | Lettinga Associate Foundation | Paques | Royal Haskoning | SG Conultancy and Mediation |
| UNESCO-IHE | Van Antwerpen Milieutechniek | Vitens Evides International | Wageningen University | Wateropleidingen (SWO) |
| Waterschap Groot Salland | WaterWatch BV | WEG-Wise | World Waternet | Ameco Environmental Services |
| South African companies | Africa Ignite! | Breede Overberg Catchment Agency | Cape Penisula University of Technology | Cape Town City |
| Department of Water Affairs | Ethekwini Water | eWISA | Gert Sibande District Municipality | Inkomati Catchment Mangement Agency |
| Phalaborwa Municipality | Roundabout Water solutions | SSI-DHV | Tshwane University of Technology | Umgeni Water |
| University of the Western Cape | Unphilo waManzi | WISA | Zerho Waste management | Zululand District Municipality |
The above companies are working together on several projects in South Africa all to improve the access to water and water facilities.
Conclusion
Looking at the partnerships between Dutch companies and the government of South Africa a conclusion can be made that the image of the Dutch water knowledge is good and reliable. Dutch companies and the South African government are working closely together on all types of projects all across the country for several years and have turned out well
Looking at the partnerships between Dutch companies and the government of South Africa a conclusion can be made that the image of the Dutch water knowledge is good and reliable. Dutch companies and the South African government are working closely together on all types of projects all across the country for several years and have turned out well
Malawi
In Malawi several Dutch companies are working together with (local) organizations to improve the water network and the access to clean drinking water in Malawi.
In Malawi several Dutch companies are working together with (local) organizations to improve the water network and the access to clean drinking water in Malawi.
One of the major projects in Malawi is to improve the supply of affordable, sustainable and reliable drinking water. This is a cooperation between the local drinking companies, Vitens-Evides International, WML, DHV and Simavi. This project has a budget of 3.85 million Euros and will be financed by the European Union and the European Investment Bank.
The Dutch companies WML and advice and engineering consultants DHV are working closely together with Vitens Evides and the health organization Simavi. WML and DHV will support the water companies with regard to the organization, finance, planning, water loss control, network modeling, customer administration, management and maintenance of goof and save drinking water.
Conclusion
When a organization involves a Dutch company in a major project for several years and relying on their water knowledge, a conclusion can be made that the image of the Dutch water knowledge is that its reliable and of high quality.
When a organization involves a Dutch company in a major project for several years and relying on their water knowledge, a conclusion can be made that the image of the Dutch water knowledge is that its reliable and of high quality.
What are the main societal participants?
Media
Several actions are taken to inform the media of several projects in South Africa. The water network (this name summaries the cooperating Dutch and South African organizations) organize often events, in the Netherlands and in South Africa. Some examples in South Africa:
Several actions are taken to inform the media of several projects in South Africa. The water network (this name summaries the cooperating Dutch and South African organizations) organize often events, in the Netherlands and in South Africa. Some examples in South Africa:
- UN world water day: 20 – 22 March 2011 in Cape Town
- Municipal water conference: 28 – 30 June in Cape Town
- Young water professionals conference: 3 – 5 July in Pretoria
The Netherlands:
- International water week: 29 October – November 2011 in Amsterdam
- Watertech Netherlands: 1 – 4 November in Amsterdam
There are also many opportunities for media and companies to contact the partners, this on the website of the partners. There are email addresses, telephone numbers and web pages shown on this website.
Platforms
Social Media
Facebook
There are several facebook pages referring to the water projects in South Africa. One of them is the Africa water network facebook. Also there is a facebook page called water information network South Africa and the living water foundation Prayer ministry group.
There are several facebook pages referring to the water projects in South Africa. One of them is the Africa water network facebook. Also there is a facebook page called water information network South Africa and the living water foundation Prayer ministry group.
But all of the above called facebook pages don’t have many followers, about 150 each, so there is still a lot to learn in approching followers and gain interest for the several water projects in South Africa
Networks
The South Africa – Netherlands Water Network
This is the name of a large network where Dutch and South African companies are working together to improve the water network in South Africa. Several organizations are taking part in this network with fundings of international and Dutch organizations (profit and non profit). See partnerships for the Dutch Companies that are cooperating with South Africa.
Commonwealth Network
This International network is also operating in South Africa. South Africa first became a member in 1931, then left in 1961, and then rejoined again in 1996. The last project of commonwealth in South Africa was in 2008, to improve the Turism in South Africa. This improves the wealth of the people in South Africa and thus the average income and the possibility to invest in water.
Partnerships
South Africa has several partners in witch they cooperate with. Together they are running several project all across South Africa.
The Dutch partners of South Africa are:
| Dutch Partners | Berson UV-Techniek | Consultants for Development Programmes | Deltares Institute for Delta Research | DHV-SSI |
| E-QUA | Lettinga Associate Foundation | Paques | Royal Haskoning | SG Conultancy and Mediation |
| UNESCO-IHE | Van Antwerpen Milieutechniek | Vitens Evides International | Wageningen University | Wateropleidingen (SWO) |
| Waterschap Groot Salland | WaterWatch BV | WEG-Wise | World Waternet | Ameco Environmental Services |
These partners are investing in the water projects with finance and knowledge.
Finance
The Netherlands are investing in foreign markets. Several organizations are funding and helping the Dutch companies to enter South Africa. These foundings are:
- Prepare 2 start: assists small and mediam sized companies to enter forgein markets.
- 2g@there: Support for Dutch entrepreneurs that want to collectively enter a foreign market.
- 2Xplore: Feasibillity studies in upcoming economies and study grants.
- FMO: For development and improvement of infrastucture.
- FOM: Provides medium and long term loans.
The above fundings are Dutch fundings that support the Dutch companies. But there are also international funding that are helping the Dutch and South African companies. These are:
- ORIO: Facility for Infrastucture development
- PSI: Private sector investment programme
- CBI: Center for the promotion of imports from developing countries
- PUM: Sents Dutch senior experts to development countries
- NICHE: Netherlands Initiative for Capacity Development in Higher Education
- SANPAD: South Africa Netherlands Research programme on alternatives in development.
- SKILL - Stimulating Knowledge through Life-long Learning – of the TU Delft, vrije Universiteit and Wageningen UR.
Malawi
Media
Several networks and partners are approaching the media like UNICEF and Blue Planet network, but the media attention in Malawi is very small, this due to the fact that media is not populair in Malawi, very few household can read of have a television.
Platforms
Facebook
There is a large facebook page in Malawi called Watering Malawi. This facebook page has over 1000 followers, wich is a large number for a county where only a few people have access to internet. On this page non profit organizations are posting information about projects and webpages for more information for the followers that are curious.
There is a large facebook page in Malawi called Watering Malawi. This facebook page has over 1000 followers, wich is a large number for a county where only a few people have access to internet. On this page non profit organizations are posting information about projects and webpages for more information for the followers that are curious.
When entering the webpage a donation is asked to help the people of Malawi to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities.
Networks
Commonwealth network
This is a international network that operates in several countries, including Malawi.
The minisery of Malawi is involed with this organization and there are four main ojects that they want to improve:
- Increasing availability and accessiblility of water and sanitation services. This for socio-economic growth and development.
- Achieving sustainable and intergrater water resources management systems
- Developing the institutional capacity of the water and sanitation sector
- Increasing agricultural productrivity and enhancing food security trough irrigation development
They are succesfull in achieving these goals becouse the overal provision of water supply and sanitation services has improved from 76 per cent in 2004 to 88 per cent in 2008.
Blue planet network
This is a network that operates is several African countries, including Malawi. It helps the locals to learn about hygiene, and by placing handpumps and sanitation facilities.
Partnerships
UNICEF
Dutch companies are working together with UNICEF in Malawi to improve the quality of water and providing sanitation ficilities.
Dutch companies are working together with UNICEF in Malawi to improve the quality of water and providing sanitation ficilities.
Watering Malawi is an organization that is working together with the people of Malawi to improve the quality of water and helping the local population with, for example, 50 fingerlings for a local fish farmer.
http://www.waternetwork.co.za/events-news/
http://blueplanetnetwork.org/projects/malawi-gallery
http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/Malawi/Water/Ministry_of_Irrigation_And_Water_Development/welcome
http://blueplanetnetwork.org/projects/malawi-gallery
http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/Malawi/Water/Ministry_of_Irrigation_And_Water_Development/welcome
Where and how do the participants meet each other?
Social Media
To find out how to approach different people in the watermanagement sector it is important to know where the participants meet eachother. After some deskresearch it shows that in South Africa, people do use internet a lot to communicate. One site, “Alexa”, shows the rank of each site based on the visits it gets per month. The results are shown below.
To find out how to approach different people in the watermanagement sector it is important to know where the participants meet eachother. After some deskresearch it shows that in South Africa, people do use internet a lot to communicate. One site, “Alexa”, shows the rank of each site based on the visits it gets per month. The results are shown below.
1. Google.co.za
2. Facebook.com 82%
3. Google.com
4. Yahoo.com
5. Youtube.com
6. Wikipedia.org
7. Twitter.com 28%
8. Blogger.com
9. Gumtree.co.za
10. News24.com
2. Facebook.com 82%
3. Google.com
4. Yahoo.com
5. Youtube.com
6. Wikipedia.org
7. Twitter.com 28%
8. Blogger.com
9. Gumtree.co.za
10. News24.com
Especially social media, like Facebook.com and Twitter.com should get special attention. Trough facebook a lot of companies communicate and also advertise trough this social media. Subsequently, also twitter is very popular in South Africa. Twitter is also used for advertising and communicating. South Africa is number 10 in the world when it comes to using twitter with almost half a million monthly visits.Another popular website in South Africa is google. Over 2,4 million people in South Africa are using google at this very moment. Below a weekly market share can be found of the two dominating websites; Facebook.com and google.com
Online networks
Furthermore, there are some online networks specialised in business contacts. One of them is www.social-network.co.za, also known as the “XING Cape Town Ambassador Group" and "XING Johannesburg Social & Business Network Group”. These groups also have events like the Dutch Water Festival and could be approached for taking part in this event. One can sign up for this site/platform and contribute to their events and is specially for people who live in South Africa. By joining this platform can open lots of doors to a succesfull business, long term relationships and can create great oppurtunities.
Furthermore, there are some online networks specialised in business contacts. One of them is www.social-network.co.za, also known as the “XING Cape Town Ambassador Group" and "XING Johannesburg Social & Business Network Group”. These groups also have events like the Dutch Water Festival and could be approached for taking part in this event. One can sign up for this site/platform and contribute to their events and is specially for people who live in South Africa. By joining this platform can open lots of doors to a succesfull business, long term relationships and can create great oppurtunities.
Another network that’s very popular in South Africa is socialpress.co.za. People can make profiles on this site similar to facebook.com, but made for companies in particular. Just like social-network.co.za it is also about creating a network of business relationships and taking advantage of business oppurtunities.
EventsIn South Africa, each year a lot of water-related events take place where the participants meet eachother and share their knowledge about water and watermanagement. Below the most important ones are listed and shortly described
World Water Day 2011
This event focuses on how important fresh water is and also the management of this very important recourse for South Africa. Each year there is a different theme. For example; In 2009 the theme was; “Shared water – shared oppurtunities” and in 2010 the theme of World water day was “Water quality”. So as said before, this year it’s all about the management of fresh water. The aim of the event is to encourage governmental organizations to actively take part in the management of water. The African Minister’s Council also helps with organizing this project and the ceremonies will be hosted by the South African government. The event takes places from the 20th of march until the 22nd of march 2011 in Cape Town, South Africa. The event will be held in the ICC, the International Conference Center.
This event focuses on how important fresh water is and also the management of this very important recourse for South Africa. Each year there is a different theme. For example; In 2009 the theme was; “Shared water – shared oppurtunities” and in 2010 the theme of World water day was “Water quality”. So as said before, this year it’s all about the management of fresh water. The aim of the event is to encourage governmental organizations to actively take part in the management of water. The African Minister’s Council also helps with organizing this project and the ceremonies will be hosted by the South African government. The event takes places from the 20th of march until the 22nd of march 2011 in Cape Town, South Africa. The event will be held in the ICC, the International Conference Center.
Ground Water Conference 2011In relation to water management, this is a very important conference, held from the 19th of september untill the 21st of september in 2011. Before and after the conference there also will be some activities like workshops related to watermanagement. The conference will be held in Pretoria and the main theme will be how to manage and use the groundwater in an efficient way. Groundwater is an important source of water and in South Africa, a lot is still unknown about this water source. This conference is held for people all over the world who want to know about this issue. A quote from the site: “The conference has been designed to appeal to groundwater scientists, managers and planners, environmental scientists, journalists, economists, public-sector officials and others working at the front line of service delivery, natural resource management and governance. We look forward to meeting you at the conference!”. As can be seen in this quote, the audience is quite big.
Contact: Dr Shafick Adams - Interim Chairman Tel: +27 12 330 9071
Young Water Professionals ConferenceThis is a conference where people working in the water industry meet from all different kinds of sectors, for example; water science, engineering, wastewater management, water management and watertechnology. The aim of this conference is for people to present their work and learn from eachother which results in gain of knowledge and a development in careers. Also symposia will be held as well as workshops and presentations. This conference will be on the 3rd, 4th and 5th of July in the CSIR ICC in Pretoria, South Africa.
Contact: confplan@iafrica.com
Contact: confplan@iafrica.com
Who are the main participants in the water industry: companies, institutions, universities, students, NGO’s?
Companies
The first edition of the National Water Resource Strategy (NWRS) was approved in September 2004. The NWRS describes how South Africa’s water resources will be protected, used, developed, conserved, managed and controlled. These documents are based on the vision of the government. The vision is that every person has the opportunity to help on a productive economic activity and have a healty and normal life. http://www.southafrica.co.za/about-south-africa/environment/energy-and-water/#
Governemental
One of the departments of the government of South-Africa is being busy with water related issues. The Department of Water Affairs is the guardian of South Africa's water resources. Water Affairs is responsible for the formulation and implementation of policy governing in this sector. The Department of Water Affairs is one of the departments of the South African government. The Department of Water Affairs falls under the responsibility of the Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs. They are working on this so that all South Africans will have access to clean water. They want this to ensure economic and social development in the future.
http://www.dwa.gov.za/
One of the departments of the government of South-Africa is being busy with water related issues. The Department of Water Affairs is the guardian of South Africa's water resources. Water Affairs is responsible for the formulation and implementation of policy governing in this sector. The Department of Water Affairs is one of the departments of the South African government. The Department of Water Affairs falls under the responsibility of the Minister of Water and Environmental Affairs. They are working on this so that all South Africans will have access to clean water. They want this to ensure economic and social development in the future.
http://www.dwa.gov.za/
Institutions
There are a lot of institutions that relates to water. There is a selection made, because there are too many institutions to name.
WISA
The Water Institute of Southern Africa (WISA) was formed in 1987. The Institute keeps its members abreast of the latest developments in water technology and research through its national and international liaison, links and affiliations.Currently the Institute has approximately 1800 members and is growing steadily on an annual basis. The Institute embodies a multidisciplinary approach, and as such, members are drawn from all spheres of employment and varying disciplinary backgrounds.The Water Institute of Southern Africa provides a forum for exchange of information and views to improve water resource management in Southern Africa. http://www.wisa.org.za/company/company.htm
There are a lot of institutions that relates to water. There is a selection made, because there are too many institutions to name.
WISA
The Water Institute of Southern Africa (WISA) was formed in 1987. The Institute keeps its members abreast of the latest developments in water technology and research through its national and international liaison, links and affiliations.Currently the Institute has approximately 1800 members and is growing steadily on an annual basis. The Institute embodies a multidisciplinary approach, and as such, members are drawn from all spheres of employment and varying disciplinary backgrounds.The Water Institute of Southern Africa provides a forum for exchange of information and views to improve water resource management in Southern Africa. http://www.wisa.org.za/company/company.htm
Amatola Water Board
Amatola Water Board is one of 20 water boards and utility organisations belonging to the South African Association of Water Utilities and mandated by the South African Government to operate as a water services provider to municipal authorities and certain other water customers, as provided for in national water legislation. The amontola water board wants to deliver a full range of water services to improve the quality of people´s lives. http://www.amatolawater.co.za/about-us/introduction
Amatola Water Board is one of 20 water boards and utility organisations belonging to the South African Association of Water Utilities and mandated by the South African Government to operate as a water services provider to municipal authorities and certain other water customers, as provided for in national water legislation. The amontola water board wants to deliver a full range of water services to improve the quality of people´s lives. http://www.amatolawater.co.za/about-us/introduction
Bloem water
The Organisation, seeks to provide safe, clean, quality water and related services. They want to assure that water services are supported and that they can provide the work that the need to do.
The Organisation, seeks to provide safe, clean, quality water and related services. They want to assure that water services are supported and that they can provide the work that the need to do.
Universities
South Africa has a lot of water challenges. The Stellenbosch University Water Institute was established in 2010 to collaborate with government and industry. It unites our specialists and planners all towards one goal. That goal is to solve water related challenges, to provide technology transfer and to develop human resources. This includes topics such as the ethics of freshwater management, ownership of water, the safety of agricultural produce, community health, financial-economic planning of water use, water engineering, water governance and management.http://thehopeproject.co.za/hope/projects/academic/water/Pages/default.aspx
Students
World Water Day is celebrated on 22 March 2011 is World Water Day and this year the Stellenbosch University has decided to focus the attention of students on the importance of water on this important day. The university wants to make the students more aware of the quality of the water used in their everyday life. The students can bring 50 ml of water to the University and the Water Laboratory will analyse the water. (It costs R5=€0.52) http://www.valuta.nl/
South Africa has a lot of water challenges. The Stellenbosch University Water Institute was established in 2010 to collaborate with government and industry. It unites our specialists and planners all towards one goal. That goal is to solve water related challenges, to provide technology transfer and to develop human resources. This includes topics such as the ethics of freshwater management, ownership of water, the safety of agricultural produce, community health, financial-economic planning of water use, water engineering, water governance and management.http://thehopeproject.co.za/hope/projects/academic/water/Pages/default.aspx
Students
World Water Day is celebrated on 22 March 2011 is World Water Day and this year the Stellenbosch University has decided to focus the attention of students on the importance of water on this important day. The university wants to make the students more aware of the quality of the water used in their everyday life. The students can bring 50 ml of water to the University and the Water Laboratory will analyse the water. (It costs R5=€0.52) http://www.valuta.nl/
NGO’s
The water project
The Water Project, Inc. is a non-profit organization bringing relief to communities around the world who suffer needlessly from a lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation.
The water project is provindg access to clean drinking water. Today the Water Project is working in five countries and they are helping helping hundreds of new people to find access to safe water and sanitation every week by funding water wells and other safe water projects. The water project tells stories.The story of water, the story of change, and the story of hope. These stories inspire people to raise the money needed to build wells and other water projects at schools, medical centers, churches and other public places in under-developed nations.
With monies raised, our partners in the field can do the digging and construction needed to provide clean, safe water efficiently and sustainably. They also mobilize, train, and follow-up with local communities, helping ensure long-term success.http://thewaterproject.org/about_us.asp
The Mvula Trust
Mvula Trust is the largest Non-Governmental Organisation supporting Water and Sanitation Development in South Africa. They operate from a national office in Johannesburg as well as from six regional offices in North West, Limpopo, KwaZulu Natal (2 offices) Eastern Cape (3 offices) Free state and Mpumalanga.With 15 years of experience, Mvula has established itself as the leading water and sanitation services delivery NGO. They offer a professional and efficient service to the clients, together with a non-profit, people centred commitment to the communities that they serve.
http://mvula.org.za/
Mvula Trust is the largest Non-Governmental Organisation supporting Water and Sanitation Development in South Africa. They operate from a national office in Johannesburg as well as from six regional offices in North West, Limpopo, KwaZulu Natal (2 offices) Eastern Cape (3 offices) Free state and Mpumalanga.With 15 years of experience, Mvula has established itself as the leading water and sanitation services delivery NGO. They offer a professional and efficient service to the clients, together with a non-profit, people centred commitment to the communities that they serve.
http://mvula.org.za/
Contact persons
http://www.wisa.org.za/ywp/ contactgegevens
http://mvula.org.za/contact-us/ (NGO in water)
What could be popular leisure activities?
For this water festival it’s very important to find activities which are able to attract people from South Africa. We thought about two types of activities. Indeed, first of all we looked about popular leisure activities in South Africa: like sports, family, arts, travel destinations which Dutch Delta Design could exploit. Secondly we wanted to find activities doable here in the Netherlands which can match with South African’s habits and expectations
In sport, South Africa is known for its rugby team represented by players like François Pienaar, Frik du Preez, Joost van der Westhuizen, André Venter, Os du Randt, etc.
Cricket is also very popular because of colonial heritage. Rugby and Cricket are not very popular in the Netherlands but maybe we can find some events linked to those two sports or even organize like a sort of initiation. A sport like rugby conveys a lot of important value as solidarity, team spirit which may become essential if we want to meet the challenge of water
Besides they like extreme sports as bungee jumping, parachute, paragliding. That’s why it could be interesting to find places in the Netherlands where they can practice it. Otherwise South African like art, sculpture and above all environment and its protection. It’s a value especially shared in Europe by a country like Netherlands.
Considering those factors and the fact that South African people have a lot of natural parks we think that the “De Hoge Veluwe National Park” (Gelderland) is a very good place to visit and have a good time there.
It consists of a large natural reserve of forests, moors and dunes populated by animals. Park Hoge Veluwe also offers a museum and sculpture park, in order to combine natural and cultural discovery.
It’s the largest natural park of the Netherlands, and offers to its visitors over 5500 hectares of forest, dunes, marshes and moors.
This nature reserve - also sanctuary for wildlife - is located in Hoenderloo (80 km southeast of Amsterdam), which leaves the possibility of a small day trip for people who will stay in the capital. In addition to an appointment with nature, the Hoge Veluwe National Park offers four cultural excursions: the Kröller-Müller museum, the sculpture garden, the Museonder and the Jachthuis St. Hubertus pavillon.
Kröller-Muller Museum is showcasing an extensive collection of paintings by Van Gogh, with, among others, The Cafe Terrace on the evening (1881) and works by Fernand Léger, Picasso and Mondrian. A gallery of modern sculptures completes the visit.
The Sculpture Garden boils down to modern sculptures scattered in different parts of the park. Among these, there are works of Auguste Rodin, Alberto Giacometti and Jean Dubuffet.
Located in the lobby of the park, organizes exhibitions Museonder audiovisual link with geology. It also includes a seismic simulator.
It’s the largest natural park of the Netherlands, and offers to its visitors over 5500 hectares of forest, dunes, marshes and moors.
This nature reserve - also sanctuary for wildlife - is located in Hoenderloo (80 km southeast of Amsterdam), which leaves the possibility of a small day trip for people who will stay in the capital. In addition to an appointment with nature, the Hoge Veluwe National Park offers four cultural excursions: the Kröller-Müller museum, the sculpture garden, the Museonder and the Jachthuis St. Hubertus pavillon.
Kröller-Muller Museum is showcasing an extensive collection of paintings by Van Gogh, with, among others, The Cafe Terrace on the evening (1881) and works by Fernand Léger, Picasso and Mondrian. A gallery of modern sculptures completes the visit.
The Sculpture Garden boils down to modern sculptures scattered in different parts of the park. Among these, there are works of Auguste Rodin, Alberto Giacometti and Jean Dubuffet.
Located in the lobby of the park, organizes exhibitions Museonder audiovisual link with geology. It also includes a seismic simulator.
So people will be able to split their stay in the park between encounters with the flora and fauna artistic discoveries. And it is also possible to ride a bicycle in the park for free.
Cycling and Mountain Biking
There are plenty of opportunities to explore Amsterdam and the surrounding provinces by bike. There are clearly-marked cycle lanes in Amsterdam and other cities and lots of cycling paths through the countryside.
Cycling routes in the Netherlands, covering more than 4,500 Km. They are created and managed by the Dutch National Cycling Association. Route guides are available for a fee and divided into four categories for holiday tours, area guides, weekend rides and day tours. The
Hiking & Walking
The Netherlands are well-suited to walking and rambling – from coastal walks along the dunes and mud flats, to trekking in the national parks – and there is a wealth of information on these activities. The official Dutch walking association is the Stichting Wandelplatform-LAW.
We find also two typical games from South Africa which are the “Dibeké” and the “Jukskey”. One can easily find the rules on internet but this type of games seem to be more children orientated but it remains a possibility.
As a person visiting France has to visit the Eiffel tower, some typical dutch activities and places has to be done during their trip In the Netherlands:
- The famous Van Gogh Museum and the Rijksmuseeum
- The small ports of Volendam and Hoorn, located on the IJsselmeer, the inland sea are worth the detour. Fishermen will be able to embark them on their flat-bottomed skiffs. Returning to walk, they will enjoy the fresh seafood, raw or fried.
- Holland is the world's largest exporter of flowers. Apart from the famous tulips, species from around the world flock to the huge flower market at Keukenhof
- Visit the Port of Rotterdam
- The Mauritshuis in The Hague which is one of the finest museums in the country.
- For modern and contemporary art, they can remain in Rotterdam with Kunstal Rotterdam Museum Boijmans-Van Beuningen.
South Africa is home to many talented musical artists and venues with live music, where these skills translate alongside international artists. Activities linked to the music are also a possibility for Dutch Delta to attract people. Why not make a rally of musicians representing all the countries involved in the festival?
Food festivals and wine from South Africa are the promise of epicurean experiences throughout the year. From big cities to small villages, food and wine in South Africa are celebrated everywhere. We don’t have any idea for the moment about how to exploit this information but it’s a field of reflection.
Choose one promising potential target group, describe motivations for visiting the festival and develop a persona based on research.
Introduction
It is important to chose a good potential target group. The people from the target group will meet each other at the Dutch Delta Water festival. If there is a good mix in these group, things can work out in a positive way for the countries. People are chosen in the parliament to visit the Dutch Delta Water festival. These people can have a big influence in Malawi and South-Africa. They are the closest ones to the legislative organs, and the can have a positive influence on it. Malawi will probably be open for the Dutch as Westeners.The potential target group for the Dutch Delta Water Festival 2012 are named below.
It is important to chose a good potential target group. The people from the target group will meet each other at the Dutch Delta Water festival. If there is a good mix in these group, things can work out in a positive way for the countries. People are chosen in the parliament to visit the Dutch Delta Water festival. These people can have a big influence in Malawi and South-Africa. They are the closest ones to the legislative organs, and the can have a positive influence on it. Malawi will probably be open for the Dutch as Westeners.The potential target group for the Dutch Delta Water Festival 2012 are named below.
Potential target group for Malawi:
To invite someone to come is one thing, but being Malawi has a good diplomatic relations with principal Western countries. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/7231.htm
The minister for Irrigation and Water Development is the right person to invite to the Dutch Delta Water festival. He has been the Minister since 2005. He had ministerial positions in Transport and Public Works, Energy and Mining and Agriculture departments. He has probably has a network in the Agriculture department, which is a plus point. He is the Member of Parliament for Chikwawa Nkombezi in Chikwawa district. A quote from Hon. Mohammed Sidik Mia, MP: ‘To date, my Ministry has implemented a number of development projects that have improved water and sanitation service delivery in the country. Irrigation and water development has been prioritized as the second key priority area contributing towards poverty reduction and sustainable economic growth.’ http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/Malawi/
http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/Malawi/
Note for the contact: it’s impossible to find a direct e-mail address or telephone from the minister (for safety reasons and spam-mails).When contacting him it will go in a indirect way through the general e-mail address or general telephone number.
The minister of Irrigation and Water has worked in the Agricultural department. He might know people from the department Agriculture and Food Security.At the Dutch Water Festival they can see and hopefully learn something about the Netherlands and how they interact with their water problems. And agriculture has a close relationship with water ofcourse, when there are no water there are no agricultural activities possible. The President and Minister of Agriculture and Food Security is Hon. Bingu wa Mutharika. http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/Malawi He is also the president of Malwi since 2004. http://www.silobreaker.com/bingu-wa-mutharika-11_172587 
Note for the contact: it’s impossible to find a direct e-mail address or telephone from the minister (for safety reasons and spam-mails).When contacting him it will go in a indirect way through the general e-mail address or general telephone number.
Potential target group for South-Africa:
Ministry of Water Affairs and Environmental Affairs
Mrs. Edna Molewa, MP. The minister of water and environmental affairs since 1 November 2010. She did a course in economic leadership in the USA. She did a course in leadership and has a certificate in negotiating skills.
Deputy Minister of Water Affairs and Environmental Affairs:Ms Rejoice ThizwilondiMabudafhasi.
She has been a deputy minister since the 11th of May 2009. She was also a Member of the International Committee on Business Partners for development of Water and Sanitation from 1998 till 1999. Before becoming deputy minister she was the deputy minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism from june 1999 untill 10 May 2009.
http://www.commonwealth-of-nations.org/South_Africa/
Note for the contact: it’s impossible to find a direct e-mail address or telephone from the minister (for safety reasons and spam-mails).When contacting him it will go in a indirect way through the general e-mail address or general telephone number.
Conclusion:
As a conclusion it can be said that these persons could be a enrichment to the Dutch Delta Water Festival in 2012. These person are in the parliament and have a well known status, for the other governmental organs and also for the inhabitants of Malawi and South-Africa. The ministers and deputy ministers will meet each other at the Dutch Delta Water Festival and they will also meet with the other countries at the festival. At the Dutch Delta Water Festival they will get familiar with the water problems of the Netherlands and how the Netherlands copes with this. It could be a learning experience for them. But it is also important to keep the ‘background’ of these countries in mind (political, economical). The Dutch Delta Water could play an advising role for these countries.
Conclusions
Recommendations
Fixed-term cooperation contract
______________________________________________________________
The signatories:
1. Angelique Prenger, student of SBE at Christelijke hogeschool Windesheim
2. Manon Wilkens, student of SBE at Christelijke hogeschool Windesheim
3. Kevin Parry, student of SBE at Christelijke hogeschool Windesheim
4. Kevin Stal, student of SBE at Christelijke hogeschool Windesheim
AGREE TOGETHER ON THE FOLLOWING TERMS OF COOPERATION:
Article 1: Function
1.1.1
The group member joins the group on the 31st of January for the certain and will be a member of this group untill the project is completely finished and returned to the teacher. All the group members have to complete their tasks before the given deadlines or consequences will follow.
Article 2: Duration of cooperation
2.1.1
The partnership has been entered for the period from the 31st of January 2011 untill the 25th of march 2011. The employment will terminate automatically. Denounce is not required.
Article 3: Working hours
3.1.1
The working hours are fixed in consultation with group members. There is one "obligatory" moment every week and that is every Tuesday.
Article 4: Obligations of group members
4.1 .1
Presence/Absence
Be present at the agreed contact moments.
In the case of absence the chairman of the group has be informed 1 day in advance through mail or telephone.
4.1.2
Consequences (Repeated absence/not doing your tasks).
Consequences (Repeated absence/not doing your tasks).
- After one absence you will be informed by the group through telephone.
- Is there another absence after this you will get 1 official warning.
- Is there another absence after this warning then the mentor/teacher will be informed.
- If there is another absence after this you will no longer be a member of the group.
Article 5: Code of conduct
5.1.1
Rules
- Every tuesday the tasks will be devided and have to be finished before the given deadline.
- There was mutually agreed to score a 9 out of 10 together and therefore it has to be taken into account that it can get quite busy the last weeks before the final deadline. Therefore the full commitment of all group members will be expected and reasons like 'i have to work' will not be accepted.
- Everyone has to perform. After a failure to do so, you may get removed from the group
- The language used when working in the group is English.
- The different ways in which group members can adress eachother are listed below. There is a duty to answer any question you get by E-mail or text message.
5.1.2
Tasks
- chairman, he/she will govern the meetings, contact teachers and provides a clear division of labor.
- secretary, he/she will ensure the recording of the agreements and issues discussed on paper.
Article 6: Project costs
6.1.1
The estimated project cost in time will be 1 hour for the joined class, an estimated 4 hours a week on working at school and another hour for feedback. This comes to a total of at least 6 hours a week. Multiplied by 7 this comes to a minimum of 42 hours in total.
6.1.2
The printing costs are estimated at 5 cents per page. With an expected total of 30 pages this will be 1 euro and 50 cents. Travelling costs are irrelevant considering the fact everyone travels free by OV-chipkaart or by bike.
Article 7: Background information
7.1.1
This project will be performed for Christelijk College Windesheim. The project is about watermanagement and research will be done about watermanagement in the different countries. The countries for this group are South-Africa and Malawi. This project aims to explore the watermanagement in South-Africa and Malawi and how people can be reached (communication)
Ways to adress eachother
- Personally
- Through telephone
- Through E-mail
- Through MSN
- Personally
- Through telephone
- Through E-mail
- Through MSN
Thus agreed and drawn up in four copies, each page signed in Zwolle on Tuesday, February 8th, 2011
_____________
Angelique Prenger Manon Wilkens
Kevin Parry Kevin Stal
Planning
Week 1 tuesday 1st of february
Introduction class with A. Hulzebos about the project. Dividing tasks among group members.
Week 2 tuesday 8th of february
Class together. Everyone finished their tasks and new tasks will be divided for week two. After this the group will continue with desk research and finally feedback will be given by A. Hulzebos.
Week 3 tuesday 15th of february
Joined class, dividing tasks and continuing desk research. The desk research of this week will include;
- Macro economical factors of the country
- Overview of the current main water issues in South-Africa and Malawi
- Finding out the relevant culture differences for achieving communication goals by using the Hofstede model
- Finding out what the emotional image of Holland is considering water management and knowledge about water in the target groups
Week 4 tuesday 22nd of february
Joined class, dividing tasks and continuing desk research. The deskresearch of this week will include meso research;
- Finding out who the main participants are in the water industry (companies, institutions, universities, students, NGO's)
- Finding out who the main societal participants are (media, platforms, networks, partnerships)
- Finding out where and how the participants meet eachother. (events, online networks, social media)
Week 5 tuesday 29th of february
Joined class, dividing tasks and continuing desk research. The deskresearch of this week will include the individual motivation;
-Cross overs, what could be popular activites in South-Africa and Malawi? (sports, family, arts, travel destinations with Dutch Delta Design could exploit to attract succesfull visitors for the festival
-Choosing one promising potential target group. Desribe the motivations and develop a persona based on research.
Week 6 friday 18th of march 2011
Deadline of the project, everything has to be finished
Week 7 21-25th of march 2011
Presentations with the tutor and grading of the project.
Task Division
Index Kevin S
Foreword Kevin S
Introduction Manon
Destep South Africa Manon, Angelique, Kevin P
Destep Malawi Manon, Angelique, Kevin P
Cultural water issues in South Africa and Malawi Angelique
Cultural differences South Africa and Malawi Kevin S
Destep South Africa Manon, Angelique, Kevin P
Destep Malawi Manon, Angelique, Kevin P
Cultural water issues in South Africa and Malawi Angelique
Cultural differences South Africa and Malawi Kevin S
What is the emotional image of Holland? Manon
Who are the main societal participants? Manon
Where and how do the participants meet each other?
Who are the main participants in the water industry? Angelique
What could be popular leisure activities? Kevin P
One promising potential target group Angelique
What could be popular leisure activities? Kevin P
One promising potential target group Angelique
Conclusions Manon Recommendations Angelique
Appendix:
Contract Kevin S
Planning Kevin S
Task division Kevin S
Lay-out Kevin S
Contract Kevin S
Planning Kevin S
Task division Kevin S
Lay-out Kevin S
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